ALTEKS / PRODUCTION INFORMATION
Fifty production topics from yarn to garment.
This section covers the main values checked during fibre, yarn, knitting, dyeing, finishing, testing and sewing.
01 / 07
Fiber and yarn
Material identity, yarn geometry and traceability determine fabric behaviour before knitting begins.
Fiber Selection and Product Target
Cotton, polyester, viscose, modal, lyocell or polyamide must be chosen against end use, care cycle, hand feel, cost and claim requirements.
Cotton Fiber Quality and Bale Management
Staple length, fineness, strength, maturity and contamination influence yarn evenness and dyed appearance.
Certified Fiber and Traceability
Organic or recycled-content claims require valid scope documentation and chain-of-custody evidence, not merely a material name.
Yarn Count: Ne, Nm and Tex
Yarn count does not set GSM alone; it must be read with construction, stitch length, gauge and finishing.
Ring and Compact Yarn Comparison
Compact spinning can improve hairiness, strength and surface clarity; the decision should match the product value proposition.
Combed and Carded Yarn Selection
Combing reduces short fibers and neps while adding cost and waste; premium surfaces and economy programs require different choices.
Open-End and Ring-Spun Yarn
Open-end and ring yarns differ in bulk, evenness, strength and surface character and should be approved in finished fabric.
Yarn Twist and Torque Management
Twist level directly affects yarn strength, hand feel, hairiness and spirality tendency in single jersey.
Fiber Blend Ratio and Uniformity
A blend ratio is more than a label percentage; blend uniformity, differential dyeing and lot repeatability must be managed together.
Yarn Quality Tests and Acceptance Criteria
Count, unevenness, imperfections, neps, hairiness and strength must be linked to knitting performance and surface risk.
02 / 07
Knitting engineering
Gauge, stitch length and construction jointly shape weight, width, stretch, surface and garment yield.
Machine Gauge Selection
Gauge must be compatible with yarn diameter, stitch density, surface appearance and target GSM.
Stitch Length and Fabric Balance
Stitch length is a critical process variable for GSM, width, air permeability, stretch and dimensional stability.
Single Jersey Engineering
Single jersey is light and efficient; edge curl, spirality and dimensional change require yarn and process control.
Interlock Fabric Engineering
Interlock offers a balanced surface and fuller hand; machine setting, usable width and dye load should be verified before quotation.
Rib and Ribbed Structures
Rib structures provide high crosswise stretch; recovery, elastane feed, cutting width and trim compatibility are managed together.
French Terry Construction
Ground and inlay yarn combinations set face, loop back, bulk and GSM; any raising plan must be known from the outset.
Three-End Fleece and Brushed Fabric
Three-end fleece offers bulk and warmth; raising loss, pilling and seam thickness are tested during development.
Piqué, Mesh and Technical Knits
Textured and open structures are optimized for breathability, snag risk, stability and print surface according to end use.
03 / 07
Preparation, dyeing and colour
Uniform preparation, the right dye class, controlled recipes and a physical colour standard underpin repeatable lots.
Greige Fabric Control and Lot Preparation
Greige rolls must be checked for structure, GSM, width, oil, stains and lot identity before a dye recipe can be managed reliably.
Scouring and Absorbency
Controlled removal of oils, waxes and process auxiliaries creates uniform wetting and a repeatable dyeing substrate.
Bleaching and Optical White
Whiteness must be balanced against fiber damage, strength, yellowing risk and the subsequent colour route.
Pre-Setting Synthetic Blends
Heat history in elastane or synthetic structures affects width, GSM, creasing and dye behaviour; pre-setting conditions must be recorded.
Lab Dip and Colour Development
A lab-dip approval cannot transfer reliably to bulk without a physical standard, agreed illuminants, substrate and decision rule.
Reactive Dyeing of Cotton
Reactive dye selection, alkali-salt profile, temperature, time and wash-off jointly determine colour yield and fastness.
Disperse Dyeing of Polyester
Temperature profile, oligomer control, reduction clearing and heat setting affect fastness and surface clarity in disperse dyeing.
Pigment Dyeing and Washed Effects
The pigment binder system creates a fashion look but must be sampled for crocking, hand feel and post-sewing effect.
Jet and Soft-Flow Dyeing
Machine load, liquor ratio, nozzle pressure and fabric circulation affect creasing, abrasion, levelness and repeatability.
Dye Recipe and Lot Repeatability
A recipe alone is insufficient; material, machine, water, process curve and finishing history belong in the same traceable record.
Shade Continuity and Metamerism
Within-lot and between-lot colour is managed through instrument data, controlled visual assessment and approved shade bands.
04 / 07
Finishing and performance
Compacting, stentering and functional finishes align target hand feel with measurable performance.
Stentering and Width Control
Stentering is a critical finishing stage where width, GSM, drying, chemical application and surface appearance are balanced.
Compacting and Shrinkage Control
Mechanical compacting moves toward target shrinkage while balancing GSM, width, hand feel and surface distortion.
Raising and Thermal Bulk
Pass count, wire type and fabric tension add warmth and bulk while managing fiber loss and pilling risk.
Sueding and Peach Finish
Mechanical surface treatment creates a premium hand; shade shift, strength, lint and seam appearance require sampling.
Softener and Silicone Finishing
Softener choice should deliver target hand without compromising absorbency, yellowing, seam behaviour or later printing.
Moisture-Management Finishing
Performance is verified through the right test method, laundering durability and intended garment layer—not by claim alone.
Water-Repellent Finish and Durability
Water repellency is defined with application, curing, wash cycles and target-market chemical requirements.
Anti-Pilling Finishing
Pilling control is not only chemical; yarn, structure, raising, surface treatment and end-use abrasion must be considered together.
05 / 07
Quality and testing
A nominal number is not commercially useful unless method, conditioning, target and tolerance are defined together.
GSM, Width and Conditioning
GSM and width must be reported with conditioning, relaxation time and a clear usable-width definition.
Shrinkage, Spirality and Skew
Dimensional stability results are not comparable without defined washing, drying, marking and measurement methods.
Colour Fastness: Wash, Crocking, Perspiration and Light
Fastness plans follow end use and shade depth; method and minimum grade belong in the technical file.
Strength and Pilling Tests
Bursting strength and pilling appearance are interpreted against structure, GSM and garment-use intensity.
Four-Point Fabric Inspection
Defect class, roll length, inspection speed, acceptance level and report format are agreed before production.
Final Roll Control and Packing
Pre-shipment verification covers roll measurements, shade grouping, labels, packing, moisture protection and packing list.
06 / 07
Development and logistics
Technical brief, sampling, capacity, lead time and delivery terms are managed in one decision plan.
Building a Technical Fabric Brief
End use, construction, composition, GSM, width, colour, finish, tests, quantity and timing belong in one controlled brief.
Sampling and Approval Plan
Lab dips, yardage samples, pilot cuts and pre-production approvals need a purpose, owner and decision date.
MOQ, Lead Time and Capacity Planning
MOQ is modelled with colour count, machine load, yarn supply, tests and the approval calendar.
Export Packing and Logistics
Roll presentation, palletizing, moisture protection, Incoterm, document set and delivery point are clarified at quotation.
07 / 07
Fabric to garment
Relaxation, spreading, cutting, sewing and care tests connect fabric performance to the finished garment.
Fabric Relaxation and Spreading
Knitted rolls must release stored tension; relaxation, spreading tension, direction and shade grouping protect the cutting plan.
Cutting, Marker and Fabric Yield
Usable width, shrinkage allowance, direction, defect map and size ratio determine real garment consumption.
Knit Sewing and Final Garment Testing
Needle, thread, differential feed, seam extensibility, pressing and care testing verify final garment performance.